BACKGROUND Health economic evaluations support the health care decision-making process by providing information on costs and consequences of health interventions. The quality of such studies is assessed by health economic evaluation (HEE) quality appraisal instruments. At present, there is no instrument for measuring and improving the quality of such HEE quality appraisal instruments. Therefore...

Academic writing ability is an important goal that learners of English as a Second Language (ESL) or English as a Foreign Language (EFL) try to attain. While ESL students’ academic writings have been widely explored, owing to few studies investigating appraisal resources in EFL students’ argumentative writing, the gap still exists about EFL students’ academic writing. This study aimed to see ho...

academic writing ability is an important goal that learners of english as a second language (esl) or english as a foreign language (efl) try to attain. while esl students’ academic writings have been widely explored, owing to few studies investigating appraisal resources in efl students’ argumentative writing, the gap still exists about efl students’ academic writing. this study aimed to see ho...

Background Evidence-informed deliberative processes (EDPs) were recently introduced to guide health technology assessment (HTA) agencies to improve their processes towards more legitimate decision-making. The EDP framework provides guidance that covers the HTA process, ie, contextual factors, installation of an appraisal committee, selecting health technologies and criteria, assessment, a...

introduction: appraiser is the main interface between the performance appraisal system and those being appraised. their views and behaviors have different effects on the performance of the evaluation system, as well as the reactions subjects of the appraisal make toward the system and their subsequent performance. hence, appraisers need to be trained enough regarding the appraisal. therefore, t...

Academic writing might incorporate evaluative strategies with the aim of construing and registering attitudinal positionings of writers towards other people, objects, and state of affairs included in the texts, and has been the area of investigation from different perspectives. One of these perspectives has been the way that determines attitudinal assessments in the rhetorical formation of text...

Academic writing is typically encoded by relatively negotiable and arguable resources indicating the potentially dialogistic nature of its discourse community, and has been the area of investigation from different perspectives. One of these perspectives has been the way that determines dialogistic resources in the rhetorical formation of textbooks. Thus, this study is conducted to explore and e...

The paper discusses in the context of nanotechnology whether current concepts of chemical risk assessment can be used to assess nanorisk. Nanorisk can be defined from the narrow (eco) toxicological perspective to the broader sense to include societal/cultural impacts or even to the fundamental philosophical level i.e. questioning societies need for the technology. We outline here the limitation...